When is Dutch law applicable in case of divorce?

If you have moved to the Netherlands from another country, you may be in for some surprises if you decide to file for divorce in the Netherlands. In my previous articles I already informed you of some matters in this regard.

It may turn out that you are married in community of property, for example, without you even being aware of it. Couples often don’t know this until one of them files for divorce.

The Hague Convention on the Law applicable to Matrimonial Property Regimes

The Hague Convention on the Law applicable to Matrimonial Property Regimes determines which law is applicable to your matrimonial property regime. This depends on your nationality and your place of habitual residence (during the marriage).

If, according to this Convention, a particular foreign legal system is applicable then it is possible that, under certain circumstances, Dutch law will nonetheless govern your matrimonial property regime from a given moment, and that you will therefore be deemed to be married in general community of property.

General rule

The general rule is that the legal system designated by the Convention will remain applicable for as long as spouses have not made a choice of any other applicable (national) law. A change of nationality or habitual place of residence of either of the spouses does not, in principle, have any implications for the applicable law.

There are a number of exceptions to this general rule if spouses have neither designated the applicable law nor made a prenuptial or postnuptial agreement.

Exceptions

If both spouses have their place of habitual residence in the Netherlands at the time of the divorce, Dutch law will be applicable instead of the previously applicable foreign law:

› from the moment Dutch citizens take up residence in the Netherlands (remigration)

› from the moment both spouses have Dutch nationality (naturalisation)

› from the moment spouses have lived in the Netherlands for more than ten years following the solemnisation of their marriage (integration)

› from the moment Dutch citizens who originally had no main or first joint permanent address take up residence in the Netherlands

It would take too long to explain each of these exceptions in detail here. I advise you to check whether any of the exceptions listed above might apply to you.

Even if you and your spouse are both foreign nationals and you did not move to the Netherlands until several years after the solemnisation of your marriage, Dutch law can nevertheless be deemed applicable if you have lived here for 10 years or more.

Implications

The applicable matrimonial property law changes automatically from the moment one of the above exceptions occurs. The law applicable until this moment is then replaced by Dutch law. A change of applicable law such as this is only effective for future events.

So, it is possible that the matrimonial property regime will be governed by different legal systems. This is also referred to as the "variable carriage system" (wagonstelsel). This is more likely to confuse matters than make them any easier for all parties concerned.

You can avoid this situation by concluding a marriage contract and / or by choosing an applicable law.
 

Marjet van Yperen-Groenleer is specialised in Family Law at GMW Advocaten / Legal Expat Desk. For more information, please comment below or contact the firm directly.